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Working notes from our company secretaries and chartered accountants — what changed, what it means, and what you have to do about it.

Company Law

Sections 185 and 186: Lending to Your Own Directors and Group Companies

Moving money between companies you control feels like treasury management. The Companies Act treats it as two separate regulated transactions, one of which was a criminal offence until recently and still carries a penalty measured in lakhs.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Income Tax

TDS Under 194C or 194J? The Distinction That Costs 30% of the Expense

Deduct 1% where you should have deducted 10% and the shortfall is not the problem. Section 40(a)(ia) is. How to tell a contract for work from a professional service, and what to do when you got it wrong.

5 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Income Tax

Section 44AB Tax Audit: Turnover Limits, the Cash Test, and the 44AD Trap

Whether you need a tax audit is not a single number. It depends on turnover, on how much of your receipts and payments are in cash, and on whether you have ever opted into presumptive taxation — which can drag you into audit at a fraction of the headline limit.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

SEBI & Securities

Section 42 and the 200-Person Limit: How an Unlisted Company Accidentally Makes a Public Offer

A private company raising from its network is one careless count away from having made a public issue — at which point the Companies Act's public offer machinery, the SCRA and SEBI all apply retrospectively. The limit, the exclusions, and the procedure that keeps you inside it.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Company Law

ROC Annual Filing for a Private Limited Company: AOC-4, MGT-7A and the ₹100-a-Day Trap

Two forms, two deadlines, and a late fee that has no ceiling. How annual ROC filing actually works for a private limited company, and the mistakes that turn a small delay into a large bill.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

GST

Input Tax Credit Under Section 16: The Four Conditions, and the Two That Cost People Money

Every GST registration claims input tax credit. Far fewer can defend the claim when a scrutiny notice arrives. The four statutory conditions, the time limit that has no remedy, and what GSTR-2B actually proves.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Foreign Subsidiary

Setting Up an Indian Subsidiary: FDI Routes, FC-GPR and the 30-Day Clock

Incorporating the company is the easy part. The filings that follow the first remittance run on deadlines measured in days, and a missed FC-GPR is a FEMA contravention that has to be compounded before the company can do anything else.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

GST

GSTIN Suspended or Cancelled? The Revocation Window and How to Use It

Suspension stops you issuing a taxable invoice, and the window to apply for revocation is short. The sequence of forms, what the reply has to contain, and why the final return matters even when you wanted the registration gone.

5 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Startups

DPIIT Startup Recognition: What It Actually Gets You, and What It Doesn't

Recognition is free, takes days, and is widely misunderstood. It is a gateway, not a benefit — and the two things founders most want from it each need a separate application after it.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Company Law

DIR-3 KYC: Who Must File, and What Actually Happens When You Don't

A single annual form, no fee if filed on time, and a ₹5,000 reactivation charge plus a frozen company if it is not. Why DIR-3 KYC causes more disruption than any other MCA filing of its size.

5 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Business Loans

CMA Data: What a Bank Actually Reads, and the Four Ratios That Decide It

Credit Monitoring Arrangement data is not a formality the bank asks for and files. It is the document the credit appraisal is built from, and three or four numbers inside it decide your limit before anyone reads your business plan.

6 min read · 13 Oct 2026

Project Reports

A Bankable Project Report: What Goes In It, and Where They Fail

Most rejected project reports are not rejected for weak economics. They are rejected because the cost of project does not tie to the means of finance, or the capacity assumption cannot be traced to a quotation. A section-by-section account of what a credit officer checks.

5 min read · 13 Oct 2026